Lessons
Part I: Creation
of the Place
The teacher begins by reading a description that resembles the SeaTac
community before the airport was built. The students listen to the
description, brainstorm what is in the community based on both what
they just heard as well as their knowledge of communities, then build
the frieze to represent the setting of the Storypath. This concludes
with a follow-up activity and self-assessment.
Materials: Large piece of butcher paper hanging in classroom for
the frieze, construction paper, glue sticks, tissue paper, scissors,
description of setting, Making
the Frieze guides; Geography,
Business, Farmland,
Residential, individual
assessment worksheets, sample postcards from SeaTac and/or Seattle
community, white construction paper or tag board cut 4”x 6”
for student made postcards.
Time: About one week
Description of the Setting:
-Our story starts with
a place and a time. The time is 1940, when people were fortunate
to own a car and when an evening activity was listening to the radio.
Radios were big and boxy and were found in the living room, much
like people put televisions in their living rooms today. After dinner
the family would gather in the living room to listen to the news,
a music program or a mystery story read over the radio. Life was
much simpler in 1940 – no computers, microwaves or CD players.
-The place is a beautiful community called Mountain View. Mountain
View sits above a valley. Below, a river winds back and forth, traveling
far away from a majestic snow capped mountain. There are wetlands
next to the two pristine lakes in the community. Birds, fish, and
turtles make their home in these regions. Sometimes deer are spotted
taking a drink at the shores of the lakes. Opposite the valley is
a river that flows to a larger body of water that leads to the ocean.
Otters and occasionally orcas and whales can be seen from the beautiful
rocky shores.
-Mountain View is a rural community situated between two larger
cities, both about 20 miles away. Many people farm in Mountain View
then sell their produce in North City and South City. People raise
chickens and grow fruits and vegetables such as lettuce, peas, pumpkins,
and tomatoes. A large airplane factory just outside the community
employs many of its residents. There are several small businesses
serving the community. Some of which include restaurants, grocery
stores, gas stations, a movie theater and a garden and farm supply
store.
-The people of Mountain
View enjoy living in their community. They swim in the lakes, fish,
go boating, bird watching and hike along nature trails in parks
and on the beach. The people of the community are friendly, generous
and caring of one another. They enjoy living in Mountain View and
work together to keep it a nice place to live.
Making the Frieze Lesson
-Read through the description
twice and provide copies for the students as needed. Have students
discuss what the place might look like if it were 1940; for example,
old cars and trucks, no personal computers, cordless phones, CDs
or tapes, etc. Divide the class into the four following groups:
geography, businesses,
farmland, and residential
neighborhoods. The students in these groups will elect a recorder
to write down a list of the things that would fall into their group.
For example, the residential neighborhood group would be responsible
for making homes, schools, libraries, a hospital, etc. After they
have brainstormed and recorded the things found in their group,
students sign up to make the items on the list using construction
paper.
-Allow time to discuss how to work together in a group. Point out
the behaviors they will evaluate themselves on at the end of this
activity. Practice disagreeing politely, compromising, sharing ideas,
etc..
-This would be a good time to discuss the concepts of proportion
and size. Objects that are far away are small and have few details
while objects that are close up are larger and have lots of details.
Introduce the terms background and foreground by using the blank
butcher paper. Relate this to a picture or photograph with background
and foreground.
-It helps to have the geography group be the first to glue their
mountains, valleys, fields, rivers and other geographic features
first. They have a unique position in the creation of the frieze,
as they are responsible for mapping out the rest of the community.
They decide where the farms will go, and where the business district
and residential neighbors are situated. Make this clear to the rest
of the students so that they know to ask first before they start
gluing.
-Don’t forget that a large empty field is in the community.
Make sure the geography group includes this in their plans as this
will be very important later in the unit.
Self-Assessment
When the groups are finished making their community features and gluing
them on the frieze, have them think about how well they worked together
in a group. Discuss what they can work on the next time they are asked
to work in a group. Frieze
Making Follow-Up Activity
-To engage the students
in thinking about the setting of the Storypath, and help them develop
a connection to the place they created, students will make postcards
of the community. Bring in sample postcards of sites from around
the students’ community. For example, the Space Needle, Science
Center, Mt. Rainier, Seattle rain, orcas breaching, Pike Place,
ferry boats, or other places closer to home. Discuss why the artist
chose these scenes for the postcards. Read the descriptions on the
back of the postcards. Ask students to make their own postcards
of the community they created. Talk about how their drawings will
be close up shots of features in their community and therefore should
include more detail than what might appear on the frieze. Have students
draw and color their scenes then write a few sentences describing
the photograph. This can also be done on computers using MS OFFICE
software. Post these postcards around the frieze or someplace visible.
-Another successful follow-up activity is creating a word bank.
Students contribute words that describe the setting. This can help
students work on vocabulary, categorizing words into parts of speech,
alphabetizing, they can create phrases about the place and write
complete sentences or descriptive paragraphs. The word bank can
also serve as a reference when working on the postcards.
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Part II: Creating
the Characters
In this section, each
student creates a character that s/he will play for the duration
of the Storypath. This character must be someone who lives in the
community the class created and is over 18 years of age. (They need
to be able to vote.) Students will be grouped into small families
of about 3-4 members. The characters can be as similar or as different
from the students as they desire.
Materials: Multicultural
paper, construction paper for cutting, 9” x 12” construction
paper to glue the characters onto, tissue paper, yarn and/or raffia
for hair, scraps of material for clothes, character
biography sheets , and 12” x 18” construction paper
for mounting the characters.
Time: About 3 days
Making the Characters
Lesson
-Briefly talk about who
the people are in the students’ families so that they can
begin to think about their characters’ roles. Put students
into groups of about four people to create their family of characters.
Each group is one family in the community. Students will need to
decide how they are related to one another. It will help to write
a list of family members on the board before having the students
make this decision. (Grandparent, uncle, aunt, cousin, step-sister,
half-brother, etc.)
-Demonstrate how to make the shape of the characters by dividing
up a 9” X 12” piece of construction paper into thirds.
The top third is for the head, the middle third the body and the
bottom third the legs. Use simple shapes to form the body, such
as a circle for the head and rectangles for the arms, legs and torso.
Glue the body together then use scrap material or construction paper
to trace around the body to make clothing. Students then add hair
and facial features. As their character develops more, students
may want to add props in the background, pets, and younger children
if there are any, etc. to these pictures.
-Once students have completed
their characters they will begin to create their characters’
biographies. They will make up a first name and last name, however,
the last name needs to be agreed upon by everyone in the family.
They will choose an age that is over 18. You will want students
to take on adult roles for the critical incident. They will also
decide on an occupation for themselves in the community, describe
their characters’ personality, tell who their family members
are and also create a family anecdote. It helps to fill out the
biography sheets slowly, discussing each one separately. With younger
students, you may want to simplify the biography sheet by only having
a few descriptors of the character. Have students look at the frieze
and brainstorm what jobs people living here might have. Write a
list of their ideas on the board before having them make their decision.
Do the same with personality traits, while drawing upon characters
from stories or people they know.
-When the biography sheets
are completed, assemble them along with the characters together
on a large piece of construction paper. The last step is introductions.
Leave time each day to have families introduce themselves to the
community. Have them practice their introductions. They should tell
the class three facts about their characters, then allow time for
the questions and answers.
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Part III: Building the Social Context
Before the critical incident
occurs, students need to be invested in the community they created
as well as have some sense of the everyday climate in which their
characters live. To build a stronger social context, students create
artifacts to contribute to a local history museum. Keep in mind
that students may want to add more items to their frieze as their
story unfolds.
Materials: Construction
paper, clay, paint, computer drawing software such as Word or PowerPoint,
scissors, glue and anything else that might be needed.
Time: 3 to 5 days
Museum Lesson
Students create artifacts
for the local museum and write a few sentences describing their
historical significance to the community. The artifacts can be just
about anything: Photographs of famous people visiting the community,
art work from community members, clay sculptures of dinosaur bones,
newspaper articles of important events and natural disasters, portraits
and biographies of the founding members of the community or first
settlers, stories of made-up legends or myths, etc. Display their
work in a place where other students in the building can see them.
Unused cubbies out in the hall make for an excellent exhibit area.
This activity can be
extended by having students in the class serve as docents for museum
visitors. Invite other classes in for a nearby field trip to view
the museum’s collection. This will involve other classes in
the building in your unit of study and make your students feel they
are doing something very important.
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Part IV: The
Critical Events
In this Storypath, the
critical incident comes in two parts. The first is one of the two
nearby cities’ interests in the community’s empty field
as a potential site to build a much needed airport. The second incident
occurs long after the airport is built, when the port authorities
find that they need to expand to build a second runway. This expansion
will affect families as some of the needed land is home to a number
of the community members. It will also create a noise problem for
families living in areas that lie under the proposed new flight
path. Students elect city council members to represent them. They
will decide what will be done after a community meeting. The students
and guest airport official attend a community meeting about the
proposed expansion and prepare speeches detailing their opinions
and suggestions.
Critical Incident #1:
Mountain View is a Great Site for an Airport
Materials: News articles
#1 and #2, paper
for writing responses, construction paper
Time: 3-4 days
Lesson 1
Up until this time, the
people of the surrounding SeaTac community had been getting by with
the small airstrip at Boeing Field. The exponential population growth
of the region brought by war industries and the concern that Puget
Sound would be the target of air raids led to the realization that
Boeing Field could not serve the growing needs of the community
and a new airport was a necessity. Bow Lake and Lake Samammish were
the two possible sites selected for this new airport. News
Article #1 announces this to the community of “Mountain
View”. The newspaper articles at the end of this curriculum
unit will provide teachers with background information on this historic
community debate.
Present students with
news article # 1, which announces North City’s plans to build
an airport, possibly in the Mountain View community. It’s
always fun to have announcements in newspaper articles specially
delivered to you by the office manager, or have the office call
at a certain time to have a student come down and pick it up. (Now
all the kids in your class who haven’t taken this whole community
thing very seriously will be questioning. Kids this young still
believe in the imaginary.) Discuss the ramifications. What does
this mean for the community? How would this change our community?
How would it enhance our community? How would it detract from it?
What do we know about airports in a community? (Jobs, new businesses
such as hotels, taxis, travel agencies and restaurants, increased
noise, traffic, convenience, connection to the world, foreign travelers
become guests in our community, etc.) What can we do to voice our
opinion? Students can respond to the news by discussing, writing
letters to the editor, mayor or city’s port commissioner,
Horace Chapman, informing others, taking opinion polls of the community
members as well as other students at the school and making signs.
Lesson 2
Read news article
# 2, which announces the decision to build an airport in Mountain
View. Talk about the reasons for choosing our community. (It would
provide easy access for residents of the two major cities nearby.
The site is nearly equidistant from both.) Discuss how a new highway
will be needed to serve the increased traffic to and from the airport.
React to the comments of the community members in the news article.
These are real quotes from members of the Highline Community during
this time. See the news articles in the appendix for a reference.
Change the frieze before
the students arrive the next day by building an airport and highway
making sure that at this point, no homes or businesses are destroyed.
This can also be done in stages by bulldozing the space and leaving
brown construction paper to represent dirt. The Burke Museum has
the skeleton of a 12,000 year-old giant ground sloth that was found
in the soil during the construction of the airport. This paleontological
discovery could be dramatized and put into the community’s
museum. Learn more by searching for newspaper articles about this
event.
Extension
Choose a date for the
airport’s grand opening for festivities and celebration. On
July 9, 1949, people came for the dedication ceremonies. They heard
bands play, listened to speeches, shook hands, posed for photographs
and toured the airport. Restaurants inside the airport served their
finest meals. Look at www.historylink.org
and www.seattlehistory.org
for pictures of and information about this event. This date could
be used for building a stronger social context and greater appreciation
for the existence of the airport, (or depending on the students
in your class, some might rather protest the event altogether.)
History of Transportation
More people in the Seattle-Tacoma
region needed to have access to air travel. Boeing field could no
longer serve both the public and the military effectively in light
of the war. The building of the airport brought increased traffic
to the Highline community. More families owned and relied upon the
automobile. Highway construction swept the nation, influencing the
construction of Seattle’s I-5 in the 60s. This is an excellent
opportunity for an interdisciplinary study of the history of transportation.
Technology Through the Times is in all aspects of historical study.
The building of an airport and the increased desire to travel by
air are results of changes in technology. Take the time between
the two critical incidences to study the history of transportation.
• Read books from
the book list about changes in transportation technology.
• Visit some of
the websites on transportation.
• Visit the Museum of Flight
• Survey students, parents and grandparents on their modes
of travel, number of times in the sky and number of cars their families
owned when they were children. Make graphs displaying the results.
• Interview someone who remembers life before I-5. Find out
how much easier it was to get around Puget Sound before everyone
had his/her own car. The Mosquito Fleet made four round trips from
Tacoma to Seattle daily. Burien residents could take the train to
Seattle along the Galloping Goose or the Toonerville Trolley.
• Build a timeline of the changes in transportation technology
using the Timeliner 4.0 software or use WORD.
Critical Incident #2:
Airport Expansion
The number of people
who are traveling in and out of the airport has increased dramatically
and now the airport needs to expand. The airport is proposing to
build the second runway in an area just east of the airport. Many
homes will be affected by this proposal. The homes will either be
in the flight path and experience frequent loud airplane noise or
they simply are in the way of the proposed construction. Students
hear of the news from a newspaper article. Families who will be
directly affected by the proposal receive letters from the airport.
The students prepare for a community meeting with an airport official.
Materials: Newspaper article #3, Notice
of Proposed Land Use Action sign, letters
addressed to affected families from the port, guest speakers, another
room to hold the meeting, microphone, tag board for signs
Time: 1 to 2 weeks
Before students arrive
the next day, post a Notice of Proposed Land Use Action sign (modeled
after the ones you see in the real world) on the frieze detailing
the expansion. Make sure that it also lists a community meeting
time and place for those who wish to express their opinions. Pretend
you know nothing. Some may notice it, read it to them if they ask.
Have the news article arrive from the office along with sealed envelopes
addressed to a few select families in the class. Read the news article
and letters to the students. Discuss what this means for our community.
What does this mean for the larger community, the region including
the two cities, North City and South City? Who will this affect?
Who benefits? What can we do about it? Be sure to look at both sides
of the issue, what will it mean for the airport if it couldn’t
expand? Is there a way to compromise? Do we have a responsibility
as citizens to compromise?
To provide a balance
to the conflict, invite guest speakers into the classroom from the
community who represent both sides of the issue. For example, someone
who had to sell his/her home and move to a new place and someone
who works for the airport, on expanding the airport or a business
dependent upon the airport. Students prepare questions for the guest
speaker.
Each family will need
to prepare a speech, either for the proposed expansion or against
it, as well as offer reasonable suggestions for ways to compromise.
Students can also write letters to the editor and make posters to
take with them to the community meeting.
The meeting should be
run by the four elected city council members. These council members
will welcome the airport official, make speeches and listen to the
speeches made by their constituents and the guest. They will make
the final decision as to what will happen with the airport’s
proposal. Host elections in the class after discussing the role
of a city council member. What qualities make someone a good leader?
Make sure this doesn’t end up becoming a popularity contest.
Invite Troy Brown, the
Port of Seattle’s Senior Planner, to represent The Port of
North City at the community meeting. If he is unavailable, ask someone
the students don’t know. It will help your guest if you give
them information about the community and the events that have since
taken place. Have the meeting in a room other than the classroom,
such as the library. Make sure to have the chairs set up prior to
the meeting time. Don’t forget to have a place in front for
the guest and the city council members to sit. Members of the city
council will need to welcome the guest and have everyone who attends
sign in. Talk with the students prior to the meeting about disagreeing
politely and using good manners. We are grateful that the North
City Port Official could make time to meet with us.
After the meeting, the
four council members meet to make their final decision. They announce
it to the class. Allow time for the class to respond and reflect
on the meeting. Relate their experience to a similar event taking
place in the community right now. What do they think should happen
with the airport’s plans to build a third runway?
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Part V: The Conclusion
Students celebrate the
conclusion of their study by taking a field trip to the airport.
Have students prepare questions to ask while on the field trip.
Be sure to see the aerial display of the community and airport in
Troy Brown’s office.
Students make a timeline
of the events in their community surrounding the airport. Use the
Timeline software and post it on your school’s web site with
the help of an older student.
Invite schools in the
Houston area and Sydney, Australia to take a look at our website,
as they have and are experiencing similar troubles in their communities.
Students can email questions to the schools and compare and contrast
their communities and the events that have taken place. The Houston
School District has been very helpful in assisting the superintendent,
Dr. McGeehen, in his battle with getting compensation from the Port
for noise proofing schools with proper ventilation. The surrounding
airport community in Sydney, Australia is currently engaged in dealing
with the ramifications of a recently built third runway.
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Resources
Books
Clausen, Chet
and Bishop, Ray O. Seattle-Tacoma International Airport History,
1942-1962. Port of Seattle Department of Planning and Industrial
Development. Seattle. 1975.
Eyler, Melba and Yeager,
Evelyn A. Many Roads to Highline. Highline Publishing Co.
1972.
League of Women Voters
of King County South. Sea-Tac and its Neighbors. The League.
Seattle. 1973
McGuire, Margit E. Communityville:
Teacher’s Guide. 1995.
McGuire, Margit E.
Storypath Foundations: An Innovative Approach to Teaching. Social
Studies. Everyday Learning. Chicago, Il. 1997.
Wiggins, Grant and McTighe,
Jay. Understanding By Design. Association for Supervision
and Curriculum Development. Alexandria, VA. 1998.
Children’s Books
on Transportation
Fiction
Levinson, Riki. I
Go with My Family to Grandma’s. E.P. Dutton. New York.
1986.
As five cousins and their families arrive by various means of transportation,
Grandma’s home in Brooklyn gets livelier and livelier.
MeNaughton, Colin and
Attenborough, Elizabeth. Walk Rabbit Walk. Tambourine Books.
New York. 1977.
Of all the animal friends the Eagle invites to his house for tea,
only Rabbit decided to walk – with surprising results.
Non-Fiction
Badt, Karin Luisa. Let’s
Go. Children’s Press Inc,. U.S. 1995.
Original news articles
Blackman, Steve. Land
Transportation. Franklin Watts. New York. 1993.
Information and art activities.
Davies, Eryl. Timeline
Transport on Land, Road and Rail. Franklin Watts. New York.
1992.
English, June. Transportation:
Automobile to Zeppelins. Scholastic Inc.
New York. 1995.
Kalman, Bobbie. Historical
Etchings: Travel, Copyright-Free illustration for Lovers of
History. Crabtree Publishing Co. New York. 1998.
Leuzzi, Linda. Transportation:
Life in America 100 Years Ago. Chelsea House Publishers. New
York. 1995.
Moolman, Valerie and
editors of Grolier. The Future World of Transportation.
Walt Disney Productions. Franklin Watts Inc. New York. 1984.
Morris, Ann. On the
Go. Lothrop. Lee and Shepard Books. New York. 1990.
An easy reader book that looks at transportation around the world.
Stacy, Tom. Tell
Me About Wings, Wheels and Sails. Warwick Press. 1991.
Williams, Brian. The
History of Transportation. Thomson Learning.
New York. 1996.
Guest Speakers
Troy Brown, Senior Planner
for the Port of Seattle
(206) 439-7707
brown.t@portseattle.org
Fax: (206) 431-4496
http://www.rcaanews.org/
This site is run by Chas Talbot. He also sends notices out to a
list of people who are concerned with airport expansion. He would
be happy to ask around for people who might be willing to speak
to your class.
Websites
www.highway5.com
Scroll down to the bottom of the page where you’ll see a section
marked “history”. Several articles are featured where
you can read an extensive history of highway construction in the
United States and that of I-5. Also check out the link to Burma
Shave Slogans from the 1950’s.
www.historylink.org
Find pictures of breaking ground for the new airport and the opening
day ceremony. It has articles about the building of the airport.
www.nasm.edu
The Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum has activities,
book lists, teacher guides and links to other great aeronautics
sites.
http://www.rcaanews.org/
The Regional Commission on Airport Affairs is an excellent resource.
This web site has an archive of newsletters, legal actions, and
information about a variety of concerns regarding the airport and
its plan to expand. It also has a long list of links.
www.seatac.org
This is the Port of Seattle’s site. Click on airport expansion
where you can read about their reasons for expanding. It lists data
on the number of passengers traveling through and shows a great
visual comparing the size of other busy airports in the country.
The site also informs you of what all will be changed.
www.seattlehistory.org
This is the Museum of History and Industry’s site. They have
thousands of photographs in their collection available for viewing.
You can order a copy of a print for a fee.
http://www.ci.des-moines.wa.us/acc.html
The Airport Communities Coalition makes up the cities of Burien,
Des Moines, Tukwila, and Normandy Park, along with the Highline
School District, and joined by the City of Federal Way in 1996.
Representing nearly 200,000 residents, the ACC formed to bring a
strong voice, united in opposition against any further expansion
of the airport into their neighborhoods.
www.mapquest.com
Enter an address for a map of your school and its relation to the
airport. You can also find one for the Houston Airport
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