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Topic: Northwest Indians

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Finlay, Jacques Raphael "Jaco" (1768-1828)

Jacques Raphael Finlay, a Canadian fur trader commonly known as Jaco, crossed the Continental Divide in modern-day Alberta and reached the upper Columbia River during the summer of 1806. Working as an...

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Fort Walla Walla

There were no fewer than four outposts named Fort Walla Walla, but the last and most enduring was established as a cavalry post on March 18, 1858. This military reservation housed soldiers who would f...

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Forts of Washington Territory, Indian War Era, 1855-1856

The era of the treaty wars in Washington Territory lasted from 1855-1856.Territorial Governor and Superintendent of Indian Affairs Isaac Stevens (1818-1862) ordered the building of forts and blockhous...

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Frank, Billy Jr. (1931-2014)

Billy Frank Jr. served as chair of the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission (NWIFC) for most of its first 30 years. He committed his life to protecting his Nisqually people's traditional way of life ...

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Garry Oaks and Acorns in Native American Cultural Landscapes and Diets

Garry oaks, the only native oaks in Washington, grow west of the Cascades and along the Columbia River below The Dalles. Although acorns were a staple food for Native Americans in California and to a ...

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Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park

Ginkgo Petrified Forest State Park contains the remains of one of the most unusual fossil forests in the world. It was set aside as a historic preserve in the 1930s, after highway construction crews w...

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Gobin, Bernie (1930-2009)

Bernie "Kai Kai" Gobin (his Indian name means "blue jay" or "wise one") was a fisherman, artist, musician, and political leader on the Tulalip Reservation, where he lived most of his life. Gobin's for...

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Gold in the Pacific Northwest

The discovery of gold in California in 1848 sent would-be millionaires on a quest for treasure throughout the West. By 1900, major strikes had been made in Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, Alaska, and western C...

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Hansen, Cecile: Tribal Chairwoman of Seattle's Duwamish Peoples

Cecile Ann Hansen -- a descendant within the family of Chief Si 'ahl ("Chief Seattle") -- has served as the elected chair of her people since 1975. During those decades the Duwamish (or in the Salish ...

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Hilbert, Vi (1918-2008)

Vi Hilbert, a member of the Upper Skagit tribe, had as her life's work to preserve the Lushootseed (Puget Salish) language and culture. Vi learned Lushootseed (the language of Chief Seattle) as a chil...

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History Day award winner -- Far-Reaching Rights: An Era of Innovation in Treaty Law in Washington State that Impacted the Rights of Aboriginal Peoples Worldwide by Jacob Ziontz

Jacob Ziontz, was a tenth-grade student in teacher Mikael Christensen's class at Shorewood High School when he won the 2010 HistoryLink.org award, senior division, for this essay on the history of Pac...

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History Day award winner -- Neah Bay Whaling Conflict: Upholding a Compromise by Kendal Crawford

Kendal Crawford, a 14-year-old eighth-grade student at Canyon Park Junior High School in the Northshore district, won first place in the Junior Division, Historical Paper Category, of the 2008 North P...

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